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Do you love to go camping? Have you taken your dog on a camping trip only to find that they are barking and reactive to everything? Well, this is a common challenge and today I'm sharing with you the WHY'S. Unpredictable Routines Dogs really appreciate and respond well to a predictable routine. Why? Because they are constantly trying to connect the dots so they can navigate through our world. Without routine, they are often anxious, not knowing what to expect next. When we go camping, the routine often changes. They don't know what may happen next. And while the humans have planned "fun" outings and we would think it would be an exciting treat from the norm, we can see dogs become anxious and therefore susceptible to reactivity like barking or difficulty settling. Sleep Patterns Our sleep patterns change when we are away from home. Many times we are getting less sleep or our sleep is interrupted. Our dogs are not getting the same amount of sleep as they normally would as they are prone to being more alert in an unfamiliar environment. When our dog's sleep patterns change, they can become irritable and you may find them more barky or mouthy. Think over tired toddler. Unfamiliar Environments The great outdoors can be such a great change of pace. Remember, the outdoor and sleeping in a tent or trailer (unless you have worked on it plenty ahead of time) can be difficult for many dogs. They don't understand why they aren't at home in the comforts of their bed. It can take a lot of repetition for our dogs to get used to and feel comfortable sleeping in a new environment. Even the trip alone can be full of excitement and stress which means your dog may be reacting to things they normally wouldn't! Wildlife Smells & Sounds Our dog's have such a keen sense of smell, 10,000 to 100,000 times more acute than a human's . So, can they smell that raccoon or bear a few blocks away? Dogs hear nearly twice as many frequencies as humans. They can also hear sounds four times further away — so what human ears can hear from 20 feet away; our dogs can hear from 80 feet away! Hearing and smelling wildlife in addition to your dog already on edge in a new environment and we have the perfect recipe for barking and reactive behaviours. Alcohol & Recreational Fun Our dogs are sensitive to change. And very sensitive to human behaviour change. That means when under the influence, our dogs can become anxious or act differently around people consuming alcohol or recreational dr*gs. Human behaviour becomes erratic and unpredictable which is a HUGE trigger for many dogs and can result in bites. What You Can Do Practice back yard or living room camping. Set up your tent and work on hanging out with your gear to get your dog used to it Bring some familiar things from home like your dog's bed Bring your training pouch and treats! Make sure you're prepared to help your dog and work on some training Bring mental enrichment to keep your dog occupied like chews and frozen treats Do a full walk of the site several times a day so your dog can smell and see the environment; it can help them relax Try to keep routines similar if you can for feeding, walk time, naps and bed time Bring a white noise machine! This can be a game changer! What To Avoid Leaving your dog tethered by themself; if you are using a long line to secure your dog you should be with them at all times otherwise you risk another dog off leash approaching them and this can result in a reaction or fight. Or, a human could spook them. Friends and family; if they are visiting with their dog and we remember all of the reasons why dogs can be more reactive during these trips, be aware that arguments are more likely to happen in these environments. Resource guarding can rear it's head so keeping chews, toys and food away from the dogs can prevent this from happening. Go for a walk immediately after guests arrive with their dog away from your campsite to prevent possible defensive behaviour as dogs can protect spaces when under stress. Over-doing it with partying Getting angry; it doesn't help. Your dog is struggling. Focus on what you can do now to help them and whether you need a better plan to prepare them in the future Don't force it; some dogs are not suitable for camping! And that is perfectly ok! I hope some of this information helps you and your dog if you're planning to go camping or have had struggles in the past!

Lately I have been really interested in the information being shared about gut health and how this affects behavior. So, I thought I would share some information with you that you may find helpful. Reactive behavior in dogs can be challenging to manage, and it often stems from underlying factors such as anxiety, fear, or a heightened stress response. While various approaches, such as behavior modification and training, are commonly employed, an emerging area of research suggests that gut health plays a significant role in a dog's behavior and overall well-being. In this article, I explore the connection between gut health and reactive dogs, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy gut microbiome for promoting better behavioral outcomes.   Understanding the Gut-Brain Axis: The gut-brain axis refers to the bidirectional communication network between the gastrointestinal system (the gut) and the central nervous system (the brain). This complex interaction involves neural, endocrine, and immune signaling pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that disruptions in the gut microbiome, the community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, can influence brain function and behavior.   The Gut Microbiome and Reactive Behavior Inflammation and Stress Response: Imbalances in the gut microbiome can lead to chronic low-grade inflammation, affecting the body's stress response system. This can contribute to an increased state of anxiety and reactivity in dogs. Research indicates that inflammation in the gut can impact the production and regulation of neurotransmitters and hormones involved in emotional regulation, potentially exacerbating reactive behaviors. Neurotransmitter Production: The gut microbiome influences the production and availability of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and GABA, which play essential roles in mood regulation. Imbalances in these neurotransmitters can contribute to heightened anxiety and reactive responses. A healthy gut microbiome is crucial for maintaining optimal neurotransmitter levels and promoting a calmer emotional state in dogs. Immune System Function: The gut microbiome plays a vital role in regulating the immune system. Disruptions in the gut microbiome can lead to immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to stress-related conditions. An imbalanced immune response may contribute to the development or exacerbation of reactive behaviors in dogs. Promoting Gut Health in Reactive Dogs Diet: Provide a balanced and high-quality diet that supports gut health. Consider incorporating probiotics or prebiotics, which can help maintain a healthy gut microbiome. Consult with a veterinarian to determine the best dietary options for your dog's specific needs. Minimize Stress: Minimizing stressors in a dog's environment is crucial for maintaining a healthy gut. Create a calm and predictable routine, provide ample opportunities for exercise and mental stimulation, and ensure a comfortable and safe living environment. Probiotic Supplements: Consult with a veterinarian about incorporating probiotic supplements that are specifically formulated for dogs. Probiotics can help restore and maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria, supporting overall gut health and potentially reducing reactive behaviors. Consider Food Sensitivities:  Some reactive behaviors in dogs may be linked to food sensitivities or allergies. Work with a veterinarian to identify and address any potential dietary triggers that could be impacting your dog's gut health and behavior. Seek Professional Guidance: I f your dog's reactive behavior persists or worsens, consult with a professional dog trainer or a veterinary behaviorist. They can provide personalized guidance and develop a comprehensive behavior modification plan that takes into account the potential role of gut health in your dog's behavior. Understanding the connection between gut health and reactive behavior in dogs sheds light on new avenues for managing and improving their overall well-being. By prioritizing a healthy gut microbiome through proper diet, stress reduction, and potentially incorporating probiotics, we can support the gut-brain axis and hopefully promote improved behavior in reactive dogs. Remember, ALWAYS consult with a veterinarian or qualified professional to develop an approach tailored to your dog's specific needs.

Who doesn't want a quick fix? Why wait patiently when there are promises (and apparent proof) that we can fix something... and fast? We live in a society that is drawn to quick fixes; it's human nature. Run out of coffee? Order it on Amazon and it can arrive the same day. Craving that amazing chicken teriyaki from the restaurant across town? Uber Eats can have it to your front door within the hour. Instant gratification is something we have become accustomed to. So, it's not surprising when we look at the parallels between diet culture and dog training. It's uncanny. In 2023 diet and weight loss grew to be a $75+ billion industry, yet according to studies— 95% of diets fail. The appeal of a potential fast resolution to a problem continues. We can thank persuasive and unethical marketing for that. The Before and After "Those photos of Gabby who in her before photos that couldn't zip up her pants and NOW they are hanging off of her? That supplement did that? Sign me up!" The appeal of perceived visual proof is an undeniable game changer when it comes to marketing; photos and testimonials tend to draw in consumers. The same can be said for dog training on social media and tv. The dog barking and straining on the end of the leash on TikTok within a few minutes suddenly has stopped and is sitting compliant next to the trainer? Yes, please! I'd like you to pause and become a skeptic when you come across this on tv or on social media. There is a lot at stake. The Consequences For Our Dogs As a consenting adult we can certainly make decisions about our own bodies. And, if there are consequences this is a result of our choices. But, our dogs depend on us to make the best decisions possible for their welfare. Experts believe that dogs as adults are intellectually equal to a 2 or 2.5 year old human; essentially toddlers for life. They speak to us with their body language, which is one of the most misunderstood languages that exist within the dog-human dynamic. Once you understand dog body language, you will IMMEDIATELY recognize dogs that are uncomfortable and stressed, which will lead you to make better decisions for your dog. Choosing the wrong approach to train our dogs can have dire consequences. We know that utilizing methods that suppress behaviour result in a negative impact on their quality of life. Now, here is the tricky part; marketing and advertising LIE. Manufacturers and users of tools and methods that utilize punishment and suppression are now labeling them "humane" and are utilizing jargon that will make you think what they are doing is harmless. They will try to suck you in with promises and guarantees that your dog will be fine. But, they won't. My colleague Tiff at Free to Be Dog Training nails it when she says we are "the mop up squad". We are often the ones that see clients that have used the tools and methods that promise a quick fix and are then sought out to try and help reverse the damage. What is the damage? An increase in aggression & reactivity, dogs that are shut-down emotionally and have checked out as a result of the punishment. Relationships between guardians and dogs are damaged and trust is broken. Some damage cannot be reversed. I am constantly heartbroken because I know these results can be prevented, hence why I am writing this article. Money, greed and ego are the reason this is happening. Playing On Your Emotions I know from experience that my clients are frustrated, upset and emotionally vulnerable when they reach out for help. This is the PERFECT time for anyone looking to benefit from that vulnerability to make a quick buck. And if you've fallen victim to this in the past I don't want you to blame yourself; knowing better means doing better. You can help prevent this for others by sharing your story and supporting those of us that are trying to change what's going on for dogs and their guardians when it comes to dog training. I hope this information empowers you to make the best decisions possible for you and your dog. As always, reach out to me personally to work together if you are struggling. Reading Recommendations

This is a heated topic of debate. Let me start by saying this; labelling ALL dog parks as "bad" isn't really fair. I think it's an important topic to discuss because people utilize these spaces for a variety of reasons, and will likely continue to. It seems more useful to me if we break down WHY they may not be appropriate or healthy for certain dogs. Why would someone use a dog park? Many people need access to off-leash areas for their dog to give them adequate exercise. Sure, you can say that not all dogs need to be off-leash, BUT if you are living in an urban environment your dog may be very limited in the exercise they are getting. Why? Well, some dogs don't thrive in city environments, they become over-stimulated with all of the sights, sounds and action. Some dogs were never socialized as puppies to that environment and may have anxious or reactive tendencies. Some time off leash may be an important way for that dog to be able to decompress or obtain the right amount of exercise they need. Others will use the dog park as a social outlet for them-self AND their dog. Is that "right"? Well, I'm not here to say it's wrong, I'm only here to share whether it may or may not be healthy for your dog. It can be an enjoyable space depending on WHO IS THERE. How could a dog park be "unhealthy"? Let's talk about size, because size matters. Some dog parks are MASSIVE and enable dogs to be able to move around with plenty of space and aren't squashed into large groups which has potential for more fights to break out. Some parks are small and if there are too many dogs in a small space, this can result in more arguments and fights breaking out. Small dogs and big dogs together is something to think about. There is always a larger risk when we are co-mingling "bigs" and "littles". Why? If a fight does break out, we know that there is a higher risk for a serious injury if there is a large size difference. Dog parks with a "big dog side" and a "small dog side" are more ideal. Another BIG thing to consider is your dog! Every dog is an individual. I don't like busy places so I don't socialize in spaces with lots of people. Your dog may be the same, and that's totally normally. Dogs that should not be spending time in dog parks (unless they are empty): Puppies are very vulnerable. I don't recommend bringing them to a dog park to socialize. There are too many variables and risks. If they have a negative experience, we are setting them up to have some behavioural issues in the future. Even heading into adolescence, be very careful! If your dog is selective, meaning they like some dogs but not others, this isn't the place to bring them either. It's unfair to them and it's unfair to the dogs at the park. If your dog is reactive, and you want them to be "social" this is NOT the space to do that either. The variables are again, just too risky. Never should we be risking the general public's safety, and our own dog's safety, in the name of "socialization". Newly adopted dogs. Dogs need time to decompress and they are at a very high risk to have reactions towards other dogs, even if they are dog social, when they are under stress. Do not rush taking them into new spaces, especially those with lots of dogs! Note: in-tact males. Be careful. They can be targeted by other males! If this is continually happening to your in-tact male, avoid these environments or you risk your dog becoming reactive. Dog Park No-No's Kids and toddlers. Why? This is a space for dogs, and there are a lot of dogs that don't love kids. The risk is pretty high for a dog bite. Kids, especially toddlers, sometimes do things they shouldn't when it comes to dogs, and with so much going on, there is a high liklihood that parents may not be supervising as they should. Bringing your lunch and snacks and expecting dogs to steer clear. Picnics are a big no-no! Plenty of other spaces for you to do that Toys. Resource guarding is a natural animal behaviour. Don't risk it by bringing toys into a dog park unless it's completely empty. Dogs in heat! I didn't think I had to spell this one out but I have seen it happen with my own eyes! Hormones are a real thing and animals will be drawn to a female in heat with the intention to mate. Forcing interactions with unknown dogs. A lot of dogs are there to spend time with dogs, not necessarily people. I have plenty of clients in which this is the case. If a dog is avoiding you then leave them be. Also highly recommend taking my Free Body Language Course so you can spot the dogs that aren't into you. :) NEVER, EVER LET THE DOGS WORK IT OUT THEMSELVES. These are toddlers. We don't just let them sort it out themselves. Intervene and leave if things aren't looking good. Shock and electric collars. If you see dogs wearing shock collars there is a risk that if their collar is activated, they may associate it with the dog nearest to them, and there is a risk of aggression. And to my point about reactive dogs in dog parks, if these collars are being used for that, the dog likely isn't a match for a dog park either. I leave when I see a dog wearing one of these. Taking dogs ON leash into off leash dog parks. Why? Your dog is likely going to feel defensive. They are unable to move away if they would like. Dog Park Do's Now, I can't tell you to flat out avoid dog parks. I don't think that's realistic. I will share with you some tips to set your time up there for success, assuming you've read the above and your dog has positive experiences there. Scope the park out first before you go in. Observe what types of dogs are there and their body language. I also recommend observing the people. Are they talking on their phones? More interested in socializing with the people and drinking coffee? If they aren't paying attention to what the dogs are doing, that's not a good sign. Don't over-stay. Long periods of time in the dog park can potentially see tip-overs with high energy play for long durations. I usually recommend 20 minutes unless it's a park that is rural, with lots of space and you can get moving and walking. Everything in moderation. Going to the dog park every day isn't necessarily a good thing. We also want to ensure we are helping our dogs on-leash with training and engagement so that they are not so used to off-leash parks that they cannot cope. A few times a week maximum would be my recommendation. Again, for some city people it may be needed more frequently. Dog Park Alternatives? Many dogs aren't suitable for dog parks, and that's ok! Next week I'll share alternatives to dog parks so feel free to subscribe to be notified when it's published.

If your dog hates their harness ... This is NOT uncommon. I've worked with thousands of clients over the years and many of them have reported that when the harness comes out, their dog runs. Or, they put the harness on and the dog freezes and may not even want to go for a walk. I shared on Instagram this week how despite my best efforts, Penelope has NEVER been a fan of wearing a harness. We have tried the most minimal of harnesses and the best-fitting and comfortable ones that have been recommended. I introduced the harness to her at 10 weeks of age and while I am well versed in desensitization and counter-conditioning it may have been that I should have gone slower, or made an error. Let's go over some of the reasons why your dog hates their harness and what are our options? Why Do They Hate It? One thing you'll need to think about is pain. A LOT of my clients after consulting with a vet or veterinary behaviourist have determined that pain is contributing to their aversion to wearing a harness. However, it CAN be that your dog doesn't like the feeling of restriction on their body. Or.... did the introduction to the harness go wrong in some way and they now have a negative association? These are all variables to think about and we may never know why. Some clients report that after the harness on, their dog appears to be "fine". Some tell-tale signs to look for that things are NOT fine: constant shaking off when wearing the equipment yawns and lip licks scratching Is It Too Late? Not necessarily. I have worked with some clients in which a very incremental training plan has successfully conditioned their dog to be completely fine wearing a harness. It is SO important to understand your dog's body language so that you know when you are pushing things too far. Consider working with a professional like myself so I can help design a plan for you based on your dog's preferences and history. Do We Need To Use A Harness? My first choice is always going to be a Y-shaped harness that fits your dog comfortably. However, we have to ask ourselves this question; if my dog is more stressed wearing a piece of equipment that is intended to give them an enjoyable walk with freedom of movement, is it worth it? My biggest concern is your dogs trachea, neck and spine alignment. I do see a lot of dog guardians that use their leash for "corrections" which is often a sharp jerk on the leash. This pressure is applied to the neck/trachea and travles all the way down their spine. If you aren't doing this, fantastic! Next question would be whether your dog pulls so much on leash that a collar would choke them. You may need to experiment with using a longer leash to prevent this, which to be honest I recommend anyways. Giving your dog more freedom on walks when safe is excellent for their mental health. So, using a collar may be the best option for your dog. And, that's ok as long as we are aware and pay mind to the above health concerns. Favourite Harnesses? If you are using a harness or are shopping for a new one, I do recommend these two options: Blue-9 Balance Harness Petsafe 3 in 1 Harness (don't recommend using the front clip) What Kind of Collar Should We Use? I know that some folks will prefer a martingale collar which has been designed to prevent a dog from slipping out of their collar. I do worry about them as they do tighten up around the neck and many trainers and training schools have used them as "training collars" in which leash corrections are delivered and essentially the collar is popped as a punishment. Flat collars would be my recommendation with a simple buckle if possible. Where Things Stand With Penelope Penelope doesn't pull on leash so we are low risk for any time of injury or damage. Right now, we are taking time off from working on the harness. She is much happier with this approach as I was noticing she wasn't happy to go for a walk when the harness was involved. I want you to do what is best for YOUR dog and of course what is safe! There are no hard and fast rules, even if social media has made you feel like there are.

Not all dogs are suitable for dog parks. You may not enjoy going to dog parks! This is completely fine and normal by the way. I'm sharing 3 dog park alternatives. Off-Leash but No Dogs? If you're looking to give your dog an outlet for off-leash adventures BUT you don't want to run into random dogs Sniffspot is gaining traction. These are private, for hire dog parks that are essentially private property, fenced, that is available for you to rent. You'll reserve and pay an hourly rate which varies from $5 and up per hour. Dog Beaches Dog beaches can be a fantastic outlet for dogs that are interested in water! Lakes or ocean beaches are a great change to your normal neighborhood walk. What I love about dog beaches is that the focus isn't entirely on dog interactions. You'll see dogs swimming and fetching which is a solo activity. Bring Fido is a website that shares different local spots for a variety of dog-centric things and they list dog beaches. Not a paid or endorsed share by the way! There is a site for Canada and the US. Safety: ensure you have worked with your dog ahead of time to utilize a life-jacket if they need one! This article does a great job explaining WHY your dog needs a life jacket. 2 Of the Best Life Jackets Available Don't skimp and get a cheap version, fit and function matter. Hikes & Trails It's really important to find a hike or walk that matches with your activity level, and that of your dogs. If you're looking for dog friendly hikes in your area then I recommend All Trails. Pay attention to whether dogs need to be on leash and please, follow the rules! What you should bring: water snacks (for you and your dog) poop bags long line bear spray (if needed) first aid kid tick tool rescue harness What if you're going on a LONG hike or somewhere remote? I really recommend having this in case your dog gets injured and you have to hike them out! Get Out There! Even if your dog has challenges being around other dogs or even strangers, we can get creative and get them out to different spaces to explore. Do some research, and start testing the waters. Our dogs get bored of the same thing just as we do... let me know if you find some other dog park alternatives that I didn't include here!

Everyone wants to know what are THE best dog training treats? Well, that's going to depend on a few factors! I spend a lot of money on training treats and have probably tried them all with my dogs and my client's dogs. We have so many options that are NOT hot dogs. But, remember if that's your dog's jam, use what they love! Just keep in mind how much you are using and nutritional content. Tips: Your dog decides what they love, not you! Test different treats and foods to see how your dog responds Keep it interesting by changing what you use. Dogs get bored, just like we do! Offset extra calories by cutting back on the volume you feed for meals Make treats SMALL! They don't need to be big for them to be valuable Trail mix: this is a mixture of different treats in a ziploc bag you can put in your treat pouch! Freeze-Dried Single Ingredient Treats I really like to know that there are very few ingredients in the treats I am using. So many dogs have allergies and this makes things easier. Fillers and additives aren't healthy either! "Human" Foods Sometimes we have to really pull out the "big guns" in training and use something we wouldn't have thought of. Perhaps you are working on classical conditioning. Just note: use new and different foods, or foods that are rich or high in fat, sparingly! Costco meatballs, cooked Chicken breast or roasted whole chicken separated from any bones and shredded Cheeses (sparingly!) Steak or any cooked meat, cooked and chopped Chicken nuggets/fingers chopped up Low Calorie We do need to watch calories and how much our dogs weigh, this is a health issue. If you are looking for training food ideas, check these out (your dog has to love them for them to be rewarding in a training setting) Berries (blueberries are great to train with) Chopped carrots or any vegetables Cheerios Any fruit that can be cut into small pieces (except grapes or anything else toxic) Low calorie commercial treats Allergies? Some dogs can only stick to certain proteins. That's fine. Their kibble isn't going to be super effective for training especially if you are working on anything difficult or reactive behaviours. Use a single ingredient treat that is the same as their kibble Soak their food in the same protein broth as their food, blend and use in a squeeze tube Squeeze Tubes Silicone squeeze tubes can be filled with array of aromatic paste type foods that can keep your dog licking as you're doing something. It also can just be used as a reward for a specific task or when working on counter-conditioning. Getting past triggers when you know training isn't an option in that environment Duration; you need your dog to be eating something for longer than a few seconds when working on a training exercise You need something stinky they don't always get as a high-end motivator Ideas: Canned cat or dog food Canned tripe Cream cheese Liver paste "My dog won't eat treats outside" This is a problem. And likely it indicates that your dog's stress levels are too high to eat food. They also could be extremely excited or distracted. Typically when a client tells me this, we are needing to dig deeper into the "why". Working with a professional that can help you with this is so important! I hope you found this helpful!

If you find yourself busy and looking for someone trustworthy to walk your dog, it isn't as simple as it may seem! The pet care industry is not regulated, which means anyone can set up shop as a dog walker. It's risky trusting anyone to care for your dog; they can't tell us what's going on. Loving Dogs Isn't Enough Who doesn't love dogs? Growing up with dogs and spending a lot of time with dogs doesn't mean someone is qualified to be working with them. You would want to screen a dog walker with similar standards as you would a child care provider. What Could Possibly Go Wrong? Our dogs may certainly like their dog walker and light up when they see them, that doesn't mean that they aren't causing behaviour problems. If they are implementing dog training when walking your dog, that can be a big problem. If they are using methods and tools that have side effects you can then have a dog with behaviour problems. If anything, they should be using treats and positive reinforcement during walks and avoidance and prevention if your dog has triggers. See below... If Your Dog Has Reactive Tendencies If your dog is socially selective (they like some dogs but not others) or have had incidents (fights) with other dogs they are not appropriate for off-leash group walks. There are liability concerns AND ideally you should be working on behaviour modification consistently; dog walkers should not be carrying out this service amongst a community of unsuspecting dogs. It's unethical and unsafe. If your dog has leash reactivity, your training plan should include your dog walker. If they are doing something detrimental with good intentions, you could have behavioural repercussions. If they are unable to utilize strict prevention and management, a dog walker may not be the best option for your dog. Group Off Leash Walks Group walks can be a great way for dogs to enjoy social interactions. Dogs should always be grouped together based on how they mesh with other dogs, NOT based on the convenience of a dog walkers pick up and drop off schedule. And dogs should NEVER just be shoved into a vehicle with unknown dogs. Red flags: Different dogs on every walk Different DOG WALKER on every walk, large companies may rotate walkers. Not ideal! More than 3-4 dogs on a walk with one person "Pack leader" / dominance mentality Gives dog training and behaviour advice or recommends your use a prong collar, slip lead or other aversive equipment No dog behaviour education No Pet CPR, insurance or licenses if needed where they walk Dogs loaded into vehicle with unknown dogs PS if your dog walker decides a group hike or walk is not in your dog's best interest, this is a testament to the fact your dog walker cares about the welfare of your dog and the others in the group! It does not mean you have a "bad dog"! Questions to Ask What happens if a dog "acts up" on a group walk? We want to know how someone responds in situations when perhaps our dog, or another dog is maybe having a bad day. Perhaps one dog is humping one dog or another dog isn't responding to recall. The best response someone can give is that they will intervene and utilize prevention and management such as keeping a specific dog on leash for the rest of the walk and then discussing this with the owner and monitoring whether the dog is suitable for group walks in the future. Do you ever use muzzles with dogs and if so do you always check with owners before you use them with their dog? This is really important. I have heard that some dog walkers will put new equipment on dogs without the clients knowledge or permission such as muzzles or shock collars. Not ok! There should be NO reason for a dog walker to put a muzzle on your dog. If your dog regularly wears a muzzle to prevent themself from eating sticks or rocks then that is appropriate. Dogs that are socially selective should not be on off-leash group walks if there is a risk of them having a negative situation occur without your supervision. Do you use GPS collars in case a dog goes rogue? GPS collars or tracking collars should be mandatory for dogs that are going off-leash. There is no 100 percent reliable recall. Dogs are animals and can be spooked by something or even catch the scent of wildlife and they can be gone. Do you use aversive tools or methods (or accept clients that do) like ecollars, prong collars and choke chains? If a client uses them will you use them too? This is more important than you know. Even if your prospective dog walker doesn't recommend using these tools or methods but is fine using them if a client does, this means they don't have a stance on ethical training and working with animals. It also means your dog is at risk in groups with dogs that are being punished and their behaviour is being suppressed as we know that they INCREASE the risk of aggression. Your dog could be a target! Do you use rewards? If so, what types? A dog walker should be using food with their interactions whether rewarding good behaviour or making positive associations. How do you introduce new dogs to other dogs and how do you transport them in your vehicle? Dogs should never be thrown into a vehicle or small space with unknown dogs. Dogs should be introduced outside of the vehicle and the vehicle should be set up with crates and/or safety dividers and restraints for dogs. Will I get feedback after every walk? Ideally, yes! Your dog walker should have some way to communicate with you how your dog behaved during their walk so you can ensure everything is going smoothly. Private Walks Some of the above questions will overlap so make sure to read those as well. You'll want to ask these questions: "My dog is on leash. Are you allowing unknown dogs to meet and greet my dog?" On leash greetings are very risky overall and more-so if you aren't present. Be clear about not allowing these. If my dog is pulling, how are you remedying this? Leash corrections are not ok, nor is wrapping a leash around the dogs belly or using equipment to slow them down. Your dog walker has options like using a longer leash and working on rewarding your dog proactively. Dog walkers are not dog trainers so if your dog is big and strong it's your responsibility to work on this so that they can do their job. Do you allow dogs to sniff as long as they want to? The right answer should be YES. Anyone working with dogs should know that sniffing is an inherent need for dogs and ideally they should be able to sniff as long as they want to if it's safe to do so. Do you use leash corrections? This should be a hard no. Leash corrections will do more harm than good. Are you using food rewards throughout the walk? This should be a resounding yes! And a discussion should be had about whether your dog has specific preferences or allergies. Things You Should Look For Green flags: Has a membership to the Pet Professional Guild, Fear Free Pets or the Canadian Dog Walkers Association or our Professional Dog Walker Program Is completely transparent about the methods and tools they use on their website Asks about your dog's preferences, behaviour and history Does not make medical or behaviour recommendations Requires an initial meet and greet and a test walk or test hike (yes, that should be paid for since it is their time) A liability contract: ensure you have a written agreement or contract in place. Insurance: ask to see a copy of your dog walker’s policy. Training & Education: check your dog walker has the necessary training, and a licence if required. Current First Aid Certification/CPR for Pets Emergency Plans; what does the walker have in place in case something goes wrong? Do they have the right equipment if they will be hiking out of range and a dog needs medical care? Which vet will the go to if something happens? Do they carry a GPS unit in case they are out of cell range? At the end of the day it is YOUR responsibility to screen pet professionals. There are no regulations and requirements for this work which means you, and your dog, are at risk.

Humans have been living with dogs for over 30,000 years. 65.1 million U.S. households own a dog. Apparently we love dogs! But, why is it that we, as a society, work SO hard to change natural behaviours that the canine species were bred for? I've found the most common nuisance behaviours listed on Google, which are below. How to stop dogs from: barking jumping pulling on leash Stop Barking! Dogs communicate by barking, growling... vocalizing. Excessive barking is one thing, but barking in general is absolutely normal. Would it be normal to hire someone to get your spouse to stop talking? We are also guilty of being quite happy that our dogs bark when a stranger is creeping around outside the house. We then get upset when our dogs bark while watching people walk by the house from the living room windows. You can't have your cake and eat it too! Reducing barking means getting to the bottom of WHY your dog is barking. Are they alerting to something? Are they excited? Frustrated? Fearful? Dogs don't typically bark for no reason! Once you determine the why, it's then your job to get creative and see if you can prevent barking. If your dog is watching out the window barking, put temporary window film up to block sightlines. We have brought another species into our home, the onus is on us to make changes if we don't like when they are being.... a dog! No Jump! I've heard this one a million times. Think about this; dogs are often touched and people interact with them when they jump up. You may yell once in a while but they still find the whole situation quite exciting. Dogs are social animals; when they jump up they gain closer proximity to the face to gather scenting information. It's natural and normal that they would jump up. Dogs get a LOOOOOT of attention from jumping up. I am honest with a lot of my clients about jumping up; because the humans are so inconsistent the behaviour is hard to change. Are you putting as much attention into your dog NOT jumping up? Are you asking for your dog to do something else and rewarding that? If we don't want our dogs doing something, we need to find an alternate behaviour that we can reinforce. Prevention; using gates at the front entrance of your home can allow guests to come in without being accosted by your dog. Keeping your dog on leash when meeting new people and preventing jumping up until they have cooled down a bit is another tip. And sometimes we need to make concessions and realize that the excitement of accessing a person to say hi may not even compete with a steak dinner. Pick your battles. Pulling On Leash How often does your dog get to go out for a walk every day? For many dogs, this is the part of their day that they get to smell the fresh air, smell all the smells and "pee-mail" left from other dogs and animals. They are driven by scent, so naturally they are going to want to access these things. Being tethered on a leash prevents dogs from having freedom, and if they were not on a leash they wouldn't be pulling because, well... they wouldn't need to! We do live in a somewhat civilized society that requires dogs to be on leash in the majority of public areas. This keeps people and dogs safe. A longer leash is often helpful paired with working on connecting with your dog more on walks and utilizing valuable rewards. Find a happy medium. No magic collar or harness that claims to stop pulling comes without side effects. So, what's the answer here? A few things; finding outlets for your dog to be able to BE A DOG and access smells outdoors freely. This doesn't mean they have to be off-leash. Long lines are amazing! If you live in an urban area and would like to find spaces for more freedom check out Sniffspot. Are Our Standards Unrealistic? Well, if you've been following anything that I've written or my social media posts... YES! We set such high standards for dogs that it's actually unfair. You'll notice in my upcoming article that I address how LOT of people stand to benefit financially from the expectations for dogs to behave a certain way. If they don't... there is something wrong that needs to be fixed. :( Often that's not the case. So, let's relax our standards for dogs a little bit. Keep safety paramount, but don't sweat the small stuff.

Many times when our dog is experiencing reactivity, our first concern is how to STOP the behavior. This is human nature. Before reacting to our dogs reactivity, it's important to investigate the origin of the behavior and whether pain is contributing. You would be very surprised at the amount of clients I see in which some type of pain that has gone undiagnosed is contributing to their reactive behavior. “Daniel Mills, FRCVS, a veterinary researcher and behaviorist at the University of Lincoln (England), suggests that a large portion of behavior problems are exacerbated or caused by physical pain, and that resolution of that pain can mitigate or even resolve the behavioral issue. Almost 80% of the behavior problems in his own practice , says Dr. Mills, have a component of diagnosed or suspected pain.”     How dogs may display pain Our dogs only have a few ways to communicate when they are uncomfortable, stressed or in pain. Often times they may not appear to indicate that they are in pain at all; that is to the naked eye. Body language can be very subtle. Behavior to watch for:  Noise sensitivity Growling when being touched or moved Flinching when being picked up or being leashed up Less active or willing to jump up or down from different elevations Less tolerant with other animals in home (snapping, growling, avoiding) Snarking at other dogs more frequently or more intensely Not enjoying things they usually enjoy, increased lethargy Not wanting to be touched  Excessive licking  Excessive vocalization  Restlessness  Aggression  Changes in sleeping habits  Physical signs: Tight or twitching muscles  Shaking or trembling  Arched back  Holding their head below their shoulders  Panting  If your dog suffers from any of the below, this can impact their behavior greatly and we can also see anxiety and stress as the cause or tip-off in some cases. Recurring Skin, Allergies and IBD type symptoms: Red, itchy, flaky skin Ear infections Eye abrasions Diarrhea   Sudden Behavior Changes Often times my clients describe their dogs' behavior prior to more severe reactivity as a milder form of that reactivity. It has not appeared suddenly but more gradually. If your dog has drastically changed how they behave towards other dogs, people or interactions in general, this is a sign to see your veterinarian. Now, depending on your dogs activity level and lifestyle they may need to see a specialist if your general practice vet has not been able to find anything. It may mean seeing a mobility specialist. Pain Trials If your vet is having a hard time diagnosing any pain, they can offer (or you can ask) to do what's called a pain trial. Essentially, this is testing some pain medication on a trial basis to see how it affects your dog and their behaviour. These can be a very simple way to rule out pain without having to conduct further diagnostics such as xrays. Don't hesitate to ask your veterinarian to conduct a pain trial! Overall, we as a society are NOT focusing on how pain is impacting our dog's behaviour because we can't visually see anything wrong. Dogs are stoic, they may not show pain readily and as mentioned your vet may not see anything with an exam. Resources: Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs Pains Effect on Behaviour, J. Hekman DVM Sudden change in your dog’s behavior? He could be in pain., AVSAB

The concept of "fixing" dog behaviour is a common approach when it comes to our dogs. It is a societal and pop culture perspective that directly impacts the pockets of a multi-billion dollar industry. Now, let's discuss why the concept of "fixing" when it comes to behaviour is completely ridiculous. What impacts behaviour? Behaviour can be environmentally triggered (you can't control the environment) Genetics impact behaviour; we can't change genetics A lot of behaviour is context dependent Past experiences and trauma A lot of "nuisance" behaviours are reinforced by the humans accidentally Consistency; how consistent are you with your dog? You're human so you likely aren't as consistent as you think you are Dogs are animals with specific needs and genetic predispositions for behaviour; a lot of times the humans don't like the behaviour but they are natural for an animal such as a dog (digging, barking, chasing, etc) Fixing dog behaviour: what questions should we be asking first? For this conversation I'll be focusing on reactive behaviour. When we are looking at attempting behaviour change we want to ask some questions first. Q: What could be impacting my dog's behaviour? medical, discomfort, injury stress & anxiety (anxiety is a medical condition that should be diagnosed and treated medically) the environment we live in (lots of triggers?) genetics, socialization, trauma, negative experiences frustration un-met needs MY BEHAVIOUR (inconsistency, apathy, using punishment, frustration) Behaviour change will be VERY difficult if we don't address the above. They impact animal behaviour greatly. While we cannot change genetics and past experiences, we can recognize that as a result, we have limitations. Q: Am I being realistic with my expectations for behaviour change? This is a BIG one. We often have higher expectations for our dogs than we do for ourselves! Based on identifying the above, are you being realistic when it comes to behaviour change? Resetting your expectations can take the pressure and stress off of your dog, and yourself, do "fix" behaviour. We need to have realistic time frames and be willing to track and re-examine OUR behaviour as we move forward. Think months vs days and weeks for behaviour change in any context. For reactivity, we are often addressing the underlying issues that are impacting their behaviour (see Q1) which can take time! Q: Who is potentially benefiting from telling me my dog needs to be "fixed"? Manufacturers of the following products (which all come with negative side-effects and impact your dog's welfare and quality of life): e-collars shock collars bark collars citronella collars ultrasonic bark devices anti-pulling equipment prong collars choke collars slip leads used for training books television shows electric fences/invisible fences pet "correctors" books Many are listed as "humane" and marketed with absolute lies to play on your emotions. Service providers/other: dog trainers (those promising to fix behaviour or guarantee behaviour change) television shows featuring unqualified and damaging "trainers" books (same as above) boarding facilities (board and train) online courses (again, those offering to FIX or guarantee behaviour change) Changing Perspective: Why It Matters When we start to re-evaluate our expectations for our dogs, we become much more connected and in-tune with our dogs needs. Why does this matter? Because, when your dogs needs are met we often have behavioural health. Which in plain terms means less reactive behaviours. We are also less susceptible to scammers and those looking to take advantage of us when we are feeling vulnerable. I don't want your dog to be put in damaging situations with the mindset of "fixing" their behaviour. All this does is suppress their issues which bubble under the surface.... and we have even MORE reactive behaviour down the line.

Unraveling the Medical Issue Dogs are known for their playful and often quirky behaviours, but when these behaviours become repetitive, excessive, and uncontrollable, it can be a cause for concern. Compulsive behaviours in dogs, often referred to as Canine Compulsive Disorders (CCD), can have a significant impact on their overall well-being. This discussion explores the nature of compulsive behaviours in dogs, their potential medical implications, and the findings from several notable studies in the field.   Understanding Compulsive Behaviours in Dogs Compulsive behaviours in dogs are repetitive, ritualistic actions that dogs perform seemingly without reason. These behaviours can manifest in various forms, such as excessive licking, tail-chasing, excessive barking, pacing, and even fly-biting and light chasing. While some of these behaviours may seem harmless or amusing at first, they can escalate to the point where they interfere with a dog's daily life and cause distress to both the dog and guardian. If you suspect your dog has a compulsive disorder, start documenting how long the behaviours are practiced and how often. Take video. Intervene by redirecting your dog when they start the behaviour. Go for a walk, get out a stuffed Kong... document whether or not it's easy to redirect your dog and the behaviour ceases. This should all be discussed with a vet/veterinary behaviourist.   Clinical Features and Outcome A study conducted by Overall and Dunham in 2002, titled "Clinical features and outcome in dogs and cats with obsessive-compulsive disorder: 126 Cases (1989-2000)," shed light on the clinical aspects of OCD in dogs and cats. This comprehensive research analyzed a substantial number of cases over a decade, highlighting the importance of recognizing OCD as a genuine medical condition. The study emphasized that compulsive behaviors in dogs are not just quirky habits but rather a significant medical concern.   Medical Implications of Compulsive Behaviors Compulsive behaviors in dogs can be indicative of underlying medical issues. While the exact causes of OCD in dogs are not fully understood, there are several factors that are believed to contribute, including genetics, early life experiences, and neurotransmitter imbalances. Additionally, some medical conditions can trigger or exacerbate compulsive behaviors.   Veterinary and Pharmacological Approaches Addressing compulsive behaviors in dogs often requires a multifaceted approach. Mason and Rushen's work in "Veterinary and Pharmacological Approaches to Abnormal Repetitive Behaviour " highlights the importance of veterinary and pharmacological interventions to manage and treat compulsive behaviors. Veterinarians may recommend behavior modification techniques, such as desensitization and counterconditioning, along with medications to help alleviate the symptoms.   Gastrointestinal Disorders and Excessive Licking Compulsive licking, where a dog incessantly licks surfaces or parts of their body, is a common compulsive behavior. A study by Bécuwe-Bonnet et al. in 2012 titled "Gastrointestinal disorders in dogs with excessive licking of surfaces " found a correlation between excessive licking and gastrointestinal disorders. This suggests that some compulsive behaviors may be a response to underlying medical discomfort or pain.   Fly Biting and Medical Evaluation Fly biting, a compulsive behavior where a dog appears to snap at imaginary flies, can be perplexing for owners. Frank et al.'s research in "Prospective medical evaluation of 7 dogs presented with fly biting" demonstrated the importance of a thorough medical evaluation in such cases. Identifying and addressing any potential medical issues is crucial to effectively managing compulsive behaviors.   Chiari-Like Malformation and Syringomyelia Certain breeds, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, are predisposed to neurological conditions like Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia, which can lead to compulsive behaviors. Plessas et al.'s study in 2012, "Long-term outcome of Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs with clinical signs associated with Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia, " emphasized the need for long-term medical management and care for dogs with these conditions. What To Do? Compulsive behaviours in dogs are more than just quirks; they often signal underlying medical issues that require attention and care. The studies mentioned above have contributed to our understanding of the clinical features and medical implications of compulsive behaviors in dogs. Recognizing these behaviors as potential medical issues and seeking veterinary guidance and treatment is essential to ensure the well-being of our canine companions. If you suspect obsessive-type behaviors, I urge you to see a vet that specializes in behavior or a veterinary behaviorist. By addressing the root causes of compulsive behaviors, your dog can find relief and live a much happier and fulfilled life.