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That is the million dollar question. And of COURSE we want to know why! It's human nature to want to understand what is behind the behaviour that we see in our dogs. It's often even more difficult because dogs cannot verbalize and let us know how the experiences in their lives have impacted them. I'll share some of the most common reasons why dogs can display reactive behaviour. What is reactivity? We can summarize reactive behaviour by stating the following: An over-reactive response to a common stimulus typically triggered by an emotional response. This can appear as barking, lunging, growling, pulling towards a trigger, rearing on the back legs, redirecting onto the guardian (especially when on leash). It can also appear as hyper-vigilance and escapism. Dogs that are in a reactive state are "over threshold". I like to explain this to clients by stating that our dog is not in "thinking brain mode". They are not able to respond to much of anything in that moment. This is NOT the time to initiate training , it's a time to create distance for our dog from whatever they are reacting towards so that they can decompress from the event. Angry or Fearful? More Like Fight or Flight I truly believe that fear is one of the most misunderstood emotions that our dogs experience. Their body language and physical responses are often labelled "mean" or "angry". I have even seen the label of "overly confident". Fight-or-flight response First, it's important to understand what the fight-or-flight response is. The fight-or-flight response is a primal instinct triggered by a perceived threat, releasing stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. This physiological reaction prepares individuals to confront danger or flee from it, with changes in the body enhancing physical abilities. This is typically what we are seeing with our dogs reactive behavior. Fight Response: Fear often initiates behaviour that creates distance. Barking and lunging typically achieves that result. Dogs can't cry like humans if they are fearful. They use behaviour that works for them and often times their reactive behaviour does just that! This would be considered the Fight response. Flight Response: Fear can also manifest as avoidance, shaking, panting, trembling and escapism. Dogs that are getting low to the ground and pulling hard on leash away from triggers are often fearful. The dog is trying to escape from the stimulus that they feel threatened by. Why Is My Dog Fearful? Negative experiences and less than ideal socialization before 14 weeks of age. Could your dog have had a negative experience or several that then result in your dog becoming fearful? Absolutely! But, many dogs are fearful of certain situations, environments and stimulus as a result of not having positive experiences or exposure to them before 14 weeks of age. Some dogs may have never been socialized to walk on a leash or to live in a busy environment. If that was the case, we cannot "socialize" them again. It doesn't work that way. We need to work on behaviour modification exercises to hopefully help change those negative associations. Fear is extremely difficult to change but very easy to install. It doesn't have to make sense to you. This is your dog's experience in life. Many times my clients will say "they didn't have any negative experiences", however, that is likely not the case. You may not have seen that interaction, you may not have understood how your dog processed that interaction. This is not to say that you can control how your dog processes experiences so please, don't take this to mean you are to blame. This is purely for awareness and education to help you understand your dog better. 2. Genetics Many dogs are genetically predisposed to fearful or frustration based reactive behaviour. Dogs at risk are those offspring from dogs that are already reactive/fearful. We can also see maternal stress and maternal care impact dog behaviour and temperament. Maternal stress is also a factor to consider as this impacts the babies in uterus Maternal care also impacts how puppies develop and whether they are more prone to reactivity. Frustration I see this a lot with dogs that are very social off leash but as soon as they are on leash, they become very frustrated when they see another dog. This is the most common scenario with frustration and it takes an incremental plan that incorporates a variety of techniques to help your dog cope with that frustration. Some dogs have a genetic propensity that results in low tolerance to frustration. I won't go into specific exercises to help with frustration as we certainly can do that working together if you choose :) Resiliency and Coping Mechanisms Just as in humans, some dogs have a difficult time processing and recovering from stressors. Resiliency has a genetic component however it's always nature vs nurture . Dr. Patricia McConnell believes we can build resiliency in dogs as adults. Watch the interview here! Many factors will impact how your dog copes with daily interactions. Their history, past trauma, their genetics, their health... this stuff is complicated! Pain and Illness Underlying health issues are a big contributor to reactive behaviour. Some statistics show that up to 80% of veterinary behaviourists attribute pain to reactive behaviour. Dr. Daniel Mills, a leading veterinary researcher has published several studies that demonstrate the need for pet parents to delve deeper into whether pain is impacting their dog. Often times pain is not visually identifiable. Our dog's can be VERY stoic when it comes to showing pain physically so you may not see your dog limp but their behaviour may be the manifestation of that pain. Take a look at a prior article I wrote discussing this topic and how you can discuss this with your veterinarian. Approach Matters If you've reached this point in the article, you can now see that our dog's are struggling when they use reactive behaviour. Knowing that so much of their behaviour is a result of genetics and experiences we definitely don't want to suppress behaviour with the use of corrections, tools and our own behaviour. That is unfair AND will cause further damage. Remember; this is a journey NOT a race. The fix-it mentality will only set you and your dog up to fail. Compassion, a plan and a team that supports you and your dog is your best approach when you are struggling with your dog's behaviour.

I want to start this post by stating that I am a BIG fan of really planning ahead if you've decided to bring a puppy into your home. I don't think enough people are aware of the many variables that will influence your dog's behaviour and personality. Some research will go a long way! Puppies Are Not Blank Slates When we bring home a new puppy, it's tempting to think of them as a blank slate, ready to be shaped by us. But the truth is, puppies come with a whole set of instincts, behaviours, and even personality traits that aren’t fully within our control. Just like people, they are born with certain tendencies. You might notice one puppy in a litter who’s confident and adventurous, while another is more reserved and cautious. These differences don’t just come from how they’re raised—they’re often there from the start. Puppies also inherit things from their parents. Genetics play a big role in how they’re wired. If a puppy’s parents were fearful or reactive, there’s a chance they’ll show some of those same traits, even with all the right socialization. That doesn’t mean they can’t learn and grow, but it does mean we need to be realistic about their nature. The environment we create for them, combined with the experiences they have, can make a huge impact, but their starting point isn’t always a blank page. Understanding this can help set more realistic expectations. Instead of trying to mold them into what we think they should be, we can focus on understanding who they are and what they need to thrive. It’s about working with their natural tendencies, not against them. Does Breed Matter? When it comes to choosing a dog, picking the right breed really matters. So many times, people fall in love with a breed based on looks or what they’ve seen in movies or online, but the reality can be very different. Every breed has its own set of characteristics, and these traits are often deeply ingrained, meaning no matter how much training or socialization you do, you’ll still be dealing with the basic nature of that dog. A high-energy working breed, for example, is going to need a ton of physical and mental exercise to be happy. If your lifestyle doesn’t match that, both you and the dog might end up frustrated. While breed can give us some clues about a dog's general characteristics, it’s not always a perfect indicator of temperament. Each dog is an individual, and things like early socialization, environment, and even genetics play a huge role in shaping behaviour. There’s a study published in Science  that looked at over 18,000 dogs and found that breed explains only about 9% of the variation in individual behaviour. This research highlights that, while breed traits exist, we can’t rely solely on them to predict how a dog will act. So, even if you choose a breed known for being calm or easygoing, your dog’s unique experiences and personality can still make a big difference. Ultimately, the goal is to have a happy, well-adjusted dog, and that starts with choosing a breed that matches your energy, your schedule, and your living situation. It’s about finding a fit where both you and your dog are set up for success from the start. Just keep in mind, there are never any guarantees, be prepared if your dog doesn't develop into the dog you envisioned in your mind! Adopting From A Shelter Or Rescue When visiting a litter or a shelter, take time to observe how the puppies interact with their surroundings. Are they curious and playful, or are they more reserved? Look for a puppy that’s confident and curious and avoid ones that seem overly fearful or withdrawn. A good balance between independence and sociability is ideal. Watch how they interact with you too—do they approach you willingly, seem interested, or shy away? These behaviours can give you insight into how they may develop and grow as an adult and potential behaviour challenges. You should also ask questions about the puppy’s background and health. If the puppy comes from a shelter, ask about their history, even if it’s limited—where did they come from, and do they know anything about the parents? Don't forget, the moms pregnancy and stress will impact the puppies development. For both shelter and breeder puppies, make sure to ask about any health screenings or vaccinations the puppies have had so far. Find out if they’ve been exposed to different types of socialization, such as new people, sounds, and environments, as this can make a big difference in how well they adjust later on. Lastly, trust your instincts. If something feels off, don’t rush the decision. Bringing a puppy into your life is a long-term commitment, so take the time to choose one that feels like the right fit for both your head and your heart. Choosing A Breeder Choosing the right breeder is a critical step in finding a healthy, well-adjusted puppy. A responsible breeder does more than just sell puppies; they are genuinely invested in the well-being of their dogs and the breed as a whole. One of the first things to look for is how much the breeder knows about the breed and whether they are willing to educate you. They should be happy to answer your questions and provide guidance on whether the breed is a good fit for your lifestyle. When visiting a breeder, take a close look at how the dogs are raised. A good breeder will keep their dogs in a clean, well-maintained environment with plenty of opportunities for socialization. The puppies should be exposed to different people, sounds, and experiences to help them develop into well-rounded adults. Make sure the breeder is giving the puppies time to interact with their litter-mates, as this is crucial for learning bite inhibition and other important social skills. Don’t hesitate to ask about the health testing that’s been done on both the parents and the puppies. A responsible breeder will conduct genetic screenings for any breed-specific health issues and will be transparent about the results. They should also provide you with documentation of vaccinations and any other medical care the puppies have received. Avoid breeders who cannot provide this information or seem reluctant to do so, as it can be a red flag for poor breeding practices. Lastly, pay attention to how the breeder interacts with their dogs. A good breeder will be bonded with their dogs and care deeply about where their puppies go. They should ask you plenty of questions too —about your home, lifestyle, and experience with dogs. This shows that they are as invested in finding the right match for their puppies as you are in choosing the right one for your family. If a breeder seems more focused on making a sale than ensuring a good fit, it’s best to walk away. Taking the time to find a reputable breeder can make all the difference in bringing home a healthy, well-adjusted puppy. What Age Should A Puppy Come Home? The ideal age to bring a puppy home is typically around 8 to 10 weeks old . At this stage, puppies have had enough time to learn important social skills from their mother and littermates, such as bite inhibition and basic canine communication. These early weeks with their litter play a crucial role in shaping their behaviour and helping them become well-adjusted dogs. Bringing a puppy home too early, before 8 weeks, can lead to behavioural issues because they may miss out on critical learning during this period. On the other hand, waiting much longer than 10 weeks can sometimes result in missed opportunities for socialization with humans during a sensitive developmental window. Around 8 to 10 weeks is when puppies are most ready to bond with their new families while still being young enough to adapt to new environments and experiences easily. If you're purchasing from a breeder, a responsible breeder will make sure the puppies are ready to leave their mother and siblings at this appropriate age. It’s always good to double-check that the puppy has been well-socialized, started on basic handling, and is comfortable being around different people and situations before bringing them home. Have Fun! In the end, bringing a puppy into your life is an exciting and rewarding journey, but it’s important to approach it thoughtfully. Whether you're adopting or going through a breeder, understanding that puppies aren’t blank slates and considering your lifestyle, the breed, and the puppy’s temperament will set you up for success. Asking the right questions and doing your research can help ensure that you bring home a puppy who will thrive in your home and become a cherished member of your family for years to come. It’s all about finding the right match for both you and the puppy.

Over the years I've had clients come to me frustrated as a result of their dog trying to eat everything in sight. From socks to rocks, poop to random sticks, some dogs just seem to have an insatiable appetite for gross and often dangerous items. Let’s discuss why some dogs eat everything in sight, what could be behind it and when to reach out for help. Early Habits and Micromanaging Puppies explore the world with their mouths, much like toddlers touch and taste everything in sight. This is totally normal behaviour as they’re figuring out what’s safe, what’s interesting, and what just isn’t worth putting in their mouths. However, when we micromanage this exploration—constantly telling them “No!” or "Leave It!", rushing over every time they pick something up—this attention can actually increase their curiosity. In a way, all that added focus around "forbidden objects" might even build value for those objects in a dog's mind. It’s a classic case of “what’s forbidden is fascinating.” So, if your dog picked up your sock as a puppy and got an immediate reaction, they may have learned that doing so gets them some sort of attention or interaction, and the behaviour sticks around. I recommend being VERY selective where you focus giving attention when your dog explores items with their mouth. If the items are safe if they were to ingest them (grass, leaves, small quantities of dirt) then ignore it. If you KNOW your dog isn't at risk for swallowing items like socks or things they may grab in the house, ignore it. And make sure you are much more cognizant about putting items up and away. Note that your dog may be bored and or seeking something to chew on which is a natural dog behaviour. Find something to give them that is safe and satisfying! Anxiety-Driven Eating Anxiety can also be a big contributor to dogs eating non-food items. When a dog feels nervous, eating something (even if it’s not edible) may be a way of self-soothing or seeking a distraction. Dogs with separation anxiety, for example, might chew up household items or ingest objects when they’re stressed and left alone. Or, if your dog tends to eat things during times of loud noises (like thunderstorms) or sudden changes, anxiety may be at play. In these cases, they’re not actually hungry for socks or plastic—they’re looking for comfort, and it just so happens that eating or chewing provides that temporary relief. It’s sort of like how we might reach for comfort food when we’re feeling down. The anxiety MUST be treated before these behaviours are reduced. This means reaching out for help. What Is Pica? Pica is a medical condition where dogs (and humans!) have the urge to eat non-food items. In dogs, pica can mean anything from chomping down on rocks to ingesting paper or dirt. This condition often points to something deeper going on, like nutritional deficiencies, gastrointestinal issues, or even certain neurological conditions. This is a MEDICAL CONDITION and I highly recommend you discuss with your vet or a veterinary behaviourist! Your veterinarian can help rule out any underlying medical issues and provide you with guidance on how to safely redirect your dog's behaviour. Dogs That Eat Poop Ah, the classic “my dog eats poop” problem. Many dog owners cringe at the thought, but eating poop (also known as coprophagia) is quite common. Dogs might eat poop for several reasons: they could be copying their mother’s behaviour (as mother dogs clean up after their puppies this way), they could be looking for nutrients, or sometimes they’re just curious and want to investigate that scent a little closer than we’d like. In some cases once a dog has ingested poop, they may decide it tastes good! Gross, however they are animals. Now, every time they have free access to poop and ingest it, the behaviour is reinforced. You must do everything you can to PREVENT access in order to change the behaviour. This could look like: Making sure ALL yard poop is picked up immediately after your dog goes On leashed walks being very diligent about preventing your dog from picking up poop in grass areas by making sure you have high value treats to redirect your dog to If you aren't already, work more with your dog on engagement on walks which results in HIGH VALUE rewards. Be generous. The hungrier your dog is the more likely they will seek out poop if you aren't providing anything good! Off leash; this is the hard part! If they are off leash it's very likely your dog will engage in poop eating. If you are being diligent about the above points you will want to restrict off leash for a period of time until you can get a handle on the behaviour (not a popular answer but it is the truth) Ideas To Offset Boredom One thing to consider is whether or not your dog's "needs are being met". What this means is that dogs are natural foragers, diggers, chewers and shredders. They often want, and need, access to items that are safe for them to engage in. Some things to consider that may help: Provide daily food dispensing items with a variety of foods such as stuffed Kongs, Toppls or treat balls to engage their mind and tummy. Boredom can result in dogs seeking out items to chew that you've given lots of attention to in the past! Your dog may need more variety in their diet! Integrating safe and healthy foods into their day may offset their desire to seek out other things that are NOT safe! Check out our Amazon Storefront for some enrichment ideas! It's Fair Game If Your Dog Can Access It! Dogs are animals, they don't have a moral compass that tells them they "shouldn't" eat the garbage in the bathroom or knock over the trash and indulge! Keep kids bedroom doors closed if your dog steals their stuff Be diligent about keeping things your dog loves to chew or eat out of reach Close bathroom doors Put trash cans in cabinets and out of reach Don't get upset if your dog gets into something you left out! :) When Should You Reach Out for Help? If your dog’s eating habits are causing health concerns or putting them at risk, it’s time to reach out for help. Signs it might be time to consult a professional include: Frequent or compulsive ingestion  of dangerous items (rocks, plastic, metal, etc.) Consistent coprophagia  that doesn’t seem to improve with basic redirection Signs of anxiety or stress  associated with their eating habits Frequent digestive upset or vomiting  after eating non-food items A vet can help identify if there’s a medical reason behind the behaviour, while a behaviour consultant can provide guidance on how to manage or redirect it. Just Know... If it feels like your dog wants to eat everything no matter what you do and you are at a loss, you aren't alone. Just remember, many of these behaviours are manageable with the right approach and a bit of professional support. This means we are peeling back layers and investigating the "why" so we can help your dog! Curiosity, boredom, anxiety and medical issues can all play a role in why our dogs eat the things they do. Get in touch if you need help!

If your dog isn’t gobbling up their food at mealtime, it’s easy to assume they’re just being fussy. Maybe they’re tired of the same old kibble, or they’re waiting for something tastier. But what if it’s not about the food at all? While some dogs might genuinely have preferences, a loss of appetite can often be a sign of something deeper, like anxiety, pain, or even gastrointestinal issues. I commonly work with clients that report that their dog has "always been a picky eater". In fact, their dog has always suffered from fearful and anxious behaviour impacting their appetite! Almost all animals, much like us, have a healthy appetite when they’re feeling good. So, when your dog isn’t showing interest in food, it’s important to take a step back and consider their overall behavioural and physical health. Let’s dive into why your dog might be skipping meals and what signs to look out for. Anxiety and Appetite: The Hidden Link Just like us, dogs can lose their appetite when they’re stressed or anxious. It’s one of those things that often gets overlooked because we might assume dogs will eat if they’re hungry enough. But the truth is, anxiety can mess with a dog’s entire system, including their desire to eat. Whether it’s changes in their environment, loud noises, or the presence of other animals, anxiety can cause a dog to feel too overwhelmed to focus on food. For dogs that are reactive—those who become stressed around other dogs, people, or certain situations—eating outside or in new environments might feel impossible. You might notice that your dog turns their nose up at treats during walks or ignores food in stressful situations. This isn't pickiness; it's a sign that their anxiety is overriding their appetite. When a dog is feeling tense or overwhelmed, food takes a back seat to survival instincts. Could Pain Be the Culprit? Pain is another common reason dogs might lose interest in food. Since they can’t tell us when something hurts, they communicate through their behaviours—skipping meals being one of them. For example, dogs dealing with dental issues, joint pain, or gastrointestinal problems might avoid food because they associate eating with discomfort. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is one digestive issue that can affect dogs, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and pain. If you have a brachycephalic breed please do investigate further if your dog is showing symptoms of GERD. Dogs with GERD might develop behaviours such as reluctance to eat, irritability, or restlessness, especially after meals. They may also become more anxious or reactive due to the constant discomfort, which can further affect their appetite. If your dog seems unsettled or unwilling to eat after meals, GERD could be a hidden factor. Signs of Underlying Health Issues If your dog is consistently avoiding food, it’s crucial to watch for other signs that could point to an underlying health issue. Some symptoms to look out for include: Loose stools  or diarrhea Vomiting  or signs of nausea Bloating  or visible discomfort after meals Gurgling stomach sounds  (borborygmi) Weight loss  despite not eating much Lethargy  or seeming more tired than usual Excessive gas  or flatulence These signs often suggest that your dog’s loss of appetite isn’t just about being picky. If you’re noticing any of these symptoms alongside a lack of interest in food, it’s time to consult with your veterinarian. It’s Not Just Pickiness We often brush off a dog’s disinterest in food as them being finicky, but there’s usually more going on. When dogs feel anxious, are in pain, or are dealing with gastrointestinal issues like GERD or Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), they may start avoiding food. This isn’t about being picky—it’s a sign that something’s off. Many of my clients have reported that once their dog's anxiety and stress levels were treated medically, their appetite greatly increased. If your dog is refusing food regularly and showing other symptoms like vomiting, loose stools, or acting differently, it’s essential to have them checked by a vet. Addressing the underlying issue, whether it’s anxiety, pain, or digestive discomfort, can make a huge difference in their overall well-being. Some Dogs DO Prefer Variety Yes, it's true. I have seen many clients in which their dog becomes disinterested in certain treats or food because they prefer novelty and variety. Once they mix up what they are using for treats and add fresh fruits, vegetables or toppers to their dogs kibble, they are happy as a clam. This is not abnormal and if you think about it, makes sense. Why would you want to eat the same boring thing, day after day? I see a variety of advice to just withhold anything other than what you are providing until they absolutely have to eat. I personally don't agree with this approach. Our dogs are family members, what harm is done by providing them some variety if it makes them happy? I Have The Opposite Problem! My Dog Eats Everything! Pica  in dogs is a compulsive condition where they consistently eat non-food items like rocks, dirt, fabric, or plastic. It’s different from a dog that occasionally chews up a sock or sneaks a bite of something they shouldn’t. With pica, the behaviour is persistent and goes beyond curiosity or typical puppy mischief. Dogs with pica often eat these items compulsively, which can be linked to underlying issues like anxiety, stress, or even nutritional deficiencies. It's crucial to see a vet behaviourist if your dog is showing signs of pica. They can help determine whether the behaviour is driven by anxiety or a compulsive disorder, or if there’s an underlying medical condition, such as a gastrointestinal problem, contributing to it. A vet behaviourist can create a tailored treatment plan, addressing both the behaviour and any potential health concerns to keep your dog safe and healthy. When to Take Action If your dog skips a meal once in a while but otherwise seems fine, it’s probably not a cause for concern. But if they’re consistently refusing food, seem uncomfortable, or have additional symptoms like loose stool or lethargy, it’s time to get professional advice. Loss of appetite can often be linked to anxiety, pain, or health conditions like GERD or IBD. Identifying the root cause early on can prevent further health complications and get your dog feeling better, sooner. If your dog suffers from any reactive behaviours, I highly recommend working with someone who will investigate the severity of the behaviours and whether you need to see a Veterinary Behaviourist or a Vet that specializes in behaviour disorders. Wrapping It Up A healthy dog should have a healthy appetite—just like we do when we’re feeling good. If your dog isn’t eating or seems to be refusing food regularly, it’s worth taking a closer look at their overall health and behaviour. Anxiety, pain, and digestive issues can all play a role in how a dog approaches mealtime. Specifically if you are seeing reactivity with your dog ensure you're working with someone who is qualified and experienced enough to understand that we must peel back the layers; physical health and behavioural health is never isolated!

I used to think, "Hey, a leash greeting once in a while is no big deal," or "Why not work on leash greetings with my dog?" But as time has passed and I've gathered more experience (and, honestly, witnessed a few too many preventable disasters), I've shifted my stance to a firm "Nope!" when it comes to on-leash meetings between dogs, especially with dogs we don’t know. So, why have I become such a strong advocate for saying no to on-leash meetings? Let me break it down: 1. Dogs Feel Vulnerable on a Leash When dogs are on a leash, their ability to avoid or escape is limited. They can’t just walk away if they’re uncomfortable like they could if they were off-leash. This often triggers a whole range of behaviours meant to create space or fend off what they see as a potential threat. These behaviours can include anything from barking, snarling, or even snapping to make the other dog back off. Leashes simply restrict their natural communication and movement. 2. You Don’t Know the Other Dog Even if your dog is social and typically enjoys the company of other dogs, the wild card here is the other dog.  You don’t know their history or what kind of experiences they’ve had. Maybe they’ve had bad encounters before, or maybe they’re just not comfortable meeting other dogs up close. Plus, even if their owner says, “Oh, they’re fine!” I’ve learned not to take that at face value. Sometimes, dog owners misunderstand their own dog’s behaviour or are overly optimistic about how their dog will react in the moment. It's risky, and it's just not worth the gamble. 3. You Can Avoid Unnecessary Stress I can’t tell you how many times I’ve waffled back and forth—"Should I let my dog meet this other dog?"—only to find myself stressed the whole time. The truth is, we won’t know how the interaction will go until it’s too late. Why put yourself, your dog, and the other dog at risk? It’s easier (and much less anxiety-inducing) to just avoid the scenario altogether. 4. Social Dogs Have Better Options If your dog is dog-social, that’s awesome! But here's the thing: on-leash greetings with random dogs aren’t the only way for them to get their social time. In fact, it's not a great way for them to interact. Instead, set up play-dates with dogs you know they enjoy, or take them on parallel walks with their doggy friends. These activities allow them to get that valuable dog-to-dog interaction without the risk of a tense leash meeting. Socialization doesn’t mean every new dog has to be a potential friend on a walk. So, What’s the Bottom Line? Play it safe and give other dogs space when you’re out and about on a leash, whether your dog is friendly or not. Honestly, it doesn’t matter if your dog is the sweetest, most easygoing pup in the world. The leash changes things, and not in a good way. If we all gave each other more space on walks, we'd see fewer incidents, fewer stressed-out dogs, and happier outings overall. Let’s spread the word and create more awareness around this issue. It’s okay to say “no” to on-leash greetings. In fact, it’s often the safest choice for everyone involved.

When & How to Use Them Safely and Comfortably Muzzles sometimes get a bad rap, but they can be incredibly useful when used the right way. Whether your dog is reactive or has a tendency to eat things that are dangerous, a muzzle can be a helpful tool to keep everyone safe. That said, it’s important to introduce it properly, ensure it fits well, and choose the right type of muzzle for the situation. Just remember—using a muzzle doesn’t mean it’s okay to put your dog in situations they can’t handle. It’s all about safety and comfort, for both you and your dog. There are many reasons you might choose to use a muzzle, and it's not always because a dog is aggressive. Your dog has a history of nipping or biting other dogs or people Your dog will ingest things that are dangerous (sticks, rocks, etc) You are worried about the safety of anyone spending time around your dog, period For vet and grooming appointments if there is a history of bites. Don't forget, prior conditioning needs to be worked on AND we must help the dog if they are uncomfortable in these scenarios through medical intervention (medication in many cases) and behaviour modification training A Muzzle Isn’t a Free Pass One important thing to remember: using a muzzle isn’t an excuse to put your dog in situations they aren’t ready for. If your dog is reactive or nervous, a muzzle is a management tool, not a solution. It helps prevent biting or unwanted behaviour, but it doesn’t “fix” your dog’s emotional state or make them comfortable in stressful situations. For instance, if your dog has issues with other dogs, using a muzzle doesn’t mean you can suddenly let them interact with a bunch of dogs they’re uncomfortable with. It’s vital to work on behaviour modification exercises to help them and for you to be realistic about the environments they can and can't be in. Not all dogs are suitable for all environments! Big NO-NOs! Never allow someone to put a muzzle on your dog without proper conditioning unless it’s an absolute emergency. A muzzle can be intimidating or stressful for a dog that hasn’t been introduced to it gradually. Forcing a muzzle onto a dog without prior training can lead to panic, fear, and potentially worsen behavioural issues. It’s important to ensure that your dog associates the muzzle with positive experiences through slow, patient conditioning. This allows them to feel comfortable and relaxed when it’s needed. The first impression of a muzzle can last forever and we can struggle to undo that association after the fact. If a muzzle must be used in an emergency, try to keep the situation as calm and controlled as possible, but avoid making this a regular occurrence. Muzzles should NEVER: Be used to stop or prevent barking Be used as punishment Put on a dog with behaviour issues without combining training to help them feel better about potential triggers because you want them to be off leash Left on a dog unsupervised Put on a dog without prior conditioning and training (unless it is an absolute emergency!) Fit Matters: Comfort is Key A properly fitting muzzle is crucial. Your dog should be able to pant, drink water, and eat treats while wearing it. A muzzle that’s too tight can cause discomfort and stress, while one that’s too loose might slip off or not work effectively. When you’re picking a muzzle, follow these tips: - Measure your dog’s snout to get the right size—snug but not too tight. - Adjust the straps for a secure but comfortable fit that stays in place. - Make sure your dog can pant, especially if they’ll be wearing it during a walk or any physical activity. The goal is for the muzzle to do its job while letting your dog feel as comfortable as possible. Muzzle Brands I Recommend The Muzzle Movement Trust Your Dog Baskerville Muzzle Narrow Basket Muzzle Picking the Right Muzzle for the Right Situation Not all muzzles are the same, and different ones work better for different scenarios. When possible, I recommend a custom muzzle if you'll be using regularly and frequently. Here’s a quick guide to the most common types: Basket Muzzles: These are the most versatile option. Basket muzzles, whether made from plastic, wire, or rubber, allow dogs to pant, drink, and take treats. They’re perfect for longer use, like on walks or during vet visits. Soft Muzzles: Made from fabric, these are more restrictive and are best for short-term use, like a quick trip to the vet or groomer. However, they aren’t ideal for long walks or more active situations because they can prevent your dog from panting properly. Short Snout Muzzles: Designed for breeds with short snouts, like pugs or bulldogs, these are more specific in their use. They tend to cover more of the dog’s face and are better for short, controlled situations. Custom muzzles are a great option. Pick a muzzle that fits your dog’s needs and is appropriate for the environment they’ll be in. Muzzles are a useful tool when used correctly, helping keep your dog and others safe. But it’s essential to introduce them properly, ensure a good fit, and choose the right type for each situation. Just remember, a muzzle isn’t a quick fix for behaviour problems—it’s one part of a bigger plan to help your dog feel secure and comfortable in the world. Take it slow, keep things positive, and you’ll both benefit from using this helpful tool!

If you’ve ever seen your dog growl or stiffen up when someone approaches their food bowl, toy, or even a cozy spot on the couch, you’ve probably encountered resource guarding. While this can be alarming, it’s a natural, reflex-like behaviour in some dogs, rooted in their instincts to protect valuable resources. But, it's often not just bones or food bowls! For some dogs resource guarding can be triggered by something that humans perceive benign like a Kleenex. Let's dive into what resource guarding is, what can make it worse, and how to manage it in a way that keeps everyone safe and happy. What is Resource Guarding? Resource guarding is when a dog shows signs of protecting something they consider valuable—whether that’s food, toys, a favourite bed, or a person. We can see resource guarding that is only towards other dogs and not people or vice versa. Think of resource guarding as "buggy software"; it may apply to one thing on a Wednesday but then change on a Thursday. It may apply to a pen you dropped on the floor inside the house but not to a bully stick. This is quite common. While it may not make sense to us, it is a very real and perceived item of value for them. This is a deeply ingrained behaviour for dogs, going back to their ancestors who had to protect their resources to survive, and can see this behaviour in very young puppies. While resource guarding may seem troubling, it's actually quite normal. However, some dogs display this behaviour more intensely than others, and that’s where careful management comes into play. The story of Cesar Millan and his encounter with a dog named Holly is a powerful example of why certain training methods can be harmful, particularly when it comes to managing resource guarding and other behavioral issues. Holly, a Labrador mix, appeared on Millan's show, The Dog Whisperer , exhibiting intense resource guarding behavior, particularly over food. This episode has since been widely discussed due to the approach Millan used and the aftermath for Holly. The Showdown with Holly Holly's resource guarding was severe—she growled, snapped, and lunged when anyone came near her food. On the show, Millan used what’s commonly known as “flooding” and physical force to address her behaviour. This included taking food away from Holly while physically dominating her, employing tactics such as “alpha rolls” (forcing the dog onto her back to submit). Millan believed that by asserting dominance over Holly, she would stop guarding her food. The episode showed Holly reacting with increased aggression before eventually “submitting” after a prolonged struggle. He received the "worst bite" in his career. The Aftermath for Holly The reality behind what happened to Holly after the show didn’t make the headlines in the same way the episode did. Holly’s aggression worsened after the filming. Her resource guarding became more intense, and her behaviour spiralled. Eventually, Holly was sent to live at Millan's "ranch". She could have stayed with her family if the right approaches were used. This tragic outcome highlights the dangers of using dominance-based training methods. Instead of helping Holly feel safe around her resources, the intense confrontation increased her anxiety and fear, making her more prone to guarding behaviours in the long term. What Makes Resource Guarding Worse? Several factors can escalate resource guarding behaviour. Understanding these triggers can help you avoid making the situation more intense. Pain or Discomfort: If your dog is in pain—due to an injury, illness, or age-related issues—guarding behaviour can worsen. Pain makes them more sensitive to their environment and more protective of what they have. Always rule out any underlying medical issues if you notice changes in your dog’s behaviour. Stress and Anxiety: Like us, dogs can become more protective when they're feeling anxious or stressed. Major life changes (moving, a new baby, changes in routine) or even subtle stressors like loud noises can cause a dog to guard more intensely. Micromanaging Everything!  If your dog feels like they have no choices or control in their life, they may seek to control what little resources they have access to. Don't make this mistake by micromanaging everything in their life, it will backfire. Give them the opportunity to make as many choices as possible which will reduce stress and likely alleviate the intensity of resource guarding. Tight Spaces and Close Proximity: Smaller spaces or environments where your dog feels cornered can amplify their need to guard. If someone (human or animal) gets too close to their resource in a confined area, it can make the dog feel trapped and more likely to react. Humans Challenging the Dog: One of the worst things you can do is directly challenge your dog’s guarding behaviour. Trying to forcibly take something away from them or physically confront them can make the behaviour worse, as it reinforces their belief that they need to protect what’s theirs. Common Mistakes to Avoid When facing resource guarding, it's easy to make well-meaning mistakes that can actually worsen the problem. Here are some things to avoid: Punishment: Punishing your dog for guarding behaviour may seem like a quick fix, but it actually makes things worse in the long run. Dogs don’t see punishment as a lesson in sharing; instead, it increases their fear, stress, and mistrust, which can escalate guarding behaviour. Forcing Your Dog to Give Items Up: Taking things directly from your dog’s mouth or hands-on confrontations only reinforce the dog’s belief that their resource is in jeopardy. This tactic can backfire, teaching them to guard more fiercely the next time. Instead, opt for a trade with something of higher value, like a favourite treat, to show that giving things up leads to positive outcomes. Labelling Your Dog as "Dominant" : Dominance theory has long been debunked when it comes to dog behaviour. Resource guarding is not about a dog trying to dominate or control you—it’s an instinctual reaction to protect something they consider important. Viewing your dog as “dominant” can lead to harsher methods that exacerbate the problem. Best Practices for Prevention and Management Since resource guarding is a natural behaviour, the focus should be on prevention and management, not "curing" it. Here’s how you can help: Rule Out Medical Issues: If your dog suddenly starts guarding resources or if their behavior becomes more intense, it’s essential to have them checked by a veterinarian. Pain, discomfort, or illness can all contribute to an increase in guarding behaviour, so addressing any health concerns is a crucial first step. Prevention: Early prevention can help reduce the likelihood of guarding behaviours. For puppies, incorporating exercises that teach them humans are not a threat to their resources is a great start. Games like “trade” or “drop it” can be fun and rewarding ways to build trust. Prevention can also mean feeding your dog in a different area of the home with no foot traffic. Management: When your dog is guarding something, don’t try to take it away. Instead, offer them a trade with something even more exciting, like a tasty treat. This reinforces the idea that giving up a resource leads to a better outcome, rather than conflict. Reduce Stress: Whenever possible, reduce stress in their life and anticipate when stress and excitement may trigger resource guarding. For some dogs it may be going to the vet, for others it could be family or friends visiting or going camping. It's important to identify what is stressful for YOUR dog. Work with a Certified Behaviour Consultant: If your dog’s resource guarding behaviour is becoming problematic, it’s a good idea to seek help from a certified behaviour consultant. They can create a tailored management and training plan that works for you and your dog, reducing stress and promoting positive interactions. Seek a Veterinary Behaviourist for Severe Cases: In more severe cases, where guarding leads to aggression or presents a risk to humans or other pets, it may be necessary to consult with a veterinary behaviourist. These professionals are trained to handle complex behaviour cases and can offer medical solutions if needed, alongside behaviour modification techniques. Can Resource Guarding Be Cured? No, resource guarding can’t be “cured,” but it can be managed. The goal is to reduce the intensity and frequency of the behaviour while creating a safe and comfortable environment for your dog. By addressing underlying triggers like pain, stress, and anxiety, and using positive reinforcement techniques, you can help your dog feel more secure without needing to resort to guarding. Resource guarding may be a natural behaviour, but with the right approach, it’s something that can be managed effectively. Avoid punishment and confrontations, focus on prevention and management, and don’t hesitate to seek professional help when needed. By understanding your dog’s instincts and working with them rather than against them, you can create a more harmonious relationship built on trust. We don't need any more dogs to end up like Holly.

The dog training industry has experienced significant growth over the past decade, fueled by an increasing awareness (and exploitation) of the importance of proper training and behaviour modification. In 2023, the U.S. pet industry reached an estimated $143.6 billion in expenditures, reflecting the massive financial investment people make in the care and well-being of their pets. However, alongside this growth, a disturbing trend has emerged— predatory marketing tactics aimed at vulnerable pet owners. These tactics exploit the emotional bonds between owners and their dogs, often leading to financial strain and ineffective & damaging training. Understanding Predatory Marketing Predatory marketing involves using manipulative, deceptive, or overly aggressive sales tactics to take advantage of consumers. In the context of dog training, this can manifest in several ways, including exaggerated claims of guaranteed results, fear-based messaging, and the promotion of expensive, unnecessary services or products. Exaggerated Claims and Guarantees One of the most common predatory tactics in the dog training industry is the promise of guaranteed results. While this may sound appealing to a pet owner desperate to resolve their dog’s behaviour issues, it’s important to recognize that dog training is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Statements like "fixing" or "stopping" are red flags. Every dog is unique, and their progress depends on a variety of factors, including their health, genetics, history, and the consistency (& type) of the training they receive. Trainers who offer guarantees are oversimplifying the complexity of canine behaviour, setting unrealistic expectations, and ultimately leading to disappointment and frustration for pet owners. This impacts animal welfare and dog-human relationships negatively. It's impossible to guarantee behaviour! Fear-Based Messaging Fear tactics are effective in marketing! Messaging that puts pressure on guardians to purchase services, and many times aversive tools. This often involves focusing on potential dangers of not addressing certain behaviours, such as aggression or separation anxiety, without providing a balanced perspective on the range of available options. For instance, a trainer might emphasize the risk of a dog being euthanized due to behavioural issues, pushing owners toward immediate and costly interventions or tools that are deemed damaging from leading welfare organizations . While it’s true that some behaviours require urgent attention, the use of fear to coerce owners into making hasty decisions is both unethical and harmful. And NOT including a veterinarian or a veterinary behaviourist in serious cases is negligent and a trainers ethical responsibility. Research supports the impact of fear on consumer decision-making. A study conducted by Lerner et al. (2015) found that fear can significantly influence the way individuals evaluate risks and make decisions, often leading to choices that prioritize immediate action to avoid perceived threats. The study demonstrated that fear tends to amplify perceived risks, causing consumers to favour options that seem to offer protection or solutions to these threats, even if those options are not necessarily the most effective or necessary. In the context of dog training, this means that fear-based marketing can lead pet owners to make impulsive decisions, opting for services that may not be the best fit for their dog's needs. This study helps to underline the psychological mechanisms at play in fear-based marketing and how it can lead to sub-optimal decision-making. Up-Selling Unnecessary Services Up-selling is a common sales tactic, but in the dog training industry, it can cross the line into predatory territory when unnecessary services are pushed on owners who are already struggling. This might include recommending multiple, expensive sessions that go beyond what is needed for the specific issue at hand or promoting add-on services that do little to contribute to the dog’s training progress. Trainers may even suggest board and train , which can be exorbitantly priced and very stressful for dogs. Some even specialize in offering only this service. We can frequently see damaging methods being used at Board and Train facilities and in some cases, deaths. Marin County Dog's Death Leads to Charges" (2018) A dog named Ollie died in a board and train program in Marin County, California. The dog's death led to an investigation and charges against the trainer. The incident raised concerns about the safety and oversight of board and train facilities. Dog Dies from Excessive Force During Training" (2020) A dog named Max died after being subjected to excessive force during a board and train program in Arizona. The trainer used harsh training methods, including heavy-handed corrections and prolonged use of shock collars. Max's death raised awareness of the potential dangers of aversive training methods. Dog Dies After Extreme Physical Punishment at Training Facility" (2019) A dog named Duke died after being subjected to extreme physical punishment during a board and train program in California. The training facility was known for using dominance-based methods, including choke chains and physical manipulation. Duke's death led to a lawsuit and increased scrutiny of the training practices used by the facility. The Misleading Promise of E-Collars and Aversive Tools E-collars are often marketed as a quick and effective solution for a variety of behavioural problems. Manufacturers and some trainers claim that these devices provide immediate results, stopping unwanted behaviours such as barking, digging, or jumping. However, the reality is far more complex. While e-collars may suppress behaviours temporarily, they do not address the underlying causes and can lead to more severe issues over time. Even if an ecollar is being employed to associate the vibration with a treat, the animal is still at risk for inducing anxiety as they have no control over the device on their neck and when it will go off. That alone can be aversive. "It doesn't hurt." "It's communication." "It's just a tap." "It's similar to a TENS unit." Research has shown that the use of aversive tools like e-collars can increase a dog’s stress and anxiety levels. These devices work by delivering an electric shock, which the dog learns to associate with certain behaviours. While this may stop the behaviour in the short term, it can also result in fear, aggression, and a breakdown of trust between the dog and owner. Despite these well-documented risks, e-collars continue to be marketed as safe and effective, with little to no mention of the potential long-term harm. Identifying Red Flags As a pet guardian, it’s crucial to be aware of the red flags that may indicate predatory marketing. Don't forget; dog training is NOT a regulated industry! Here are a few signs to watch out for: Guarantees of Success : Be wary of trainers and manufacturers of tools who promise guaranteed results. Effective dog training and behaviour modification requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of each dog’s unique needs. High-Pressure Sales Tactics : If you feel rushed or pressured into making a decision, take a step back. A reputable trainer will provide you with information and allow you time to consider your options. Lack of Transparency : Ask questions about the training methods & tools, costs, and expected outcomes. A trustworthy and educated trainer will be open and transparent about their approach. Emphasis on Fear : Beware of trainers who use fear to convince you to purchase services. While some behaviours require prompt attention, decisions should be made based on informed understanding, not fear. Choosing Ethical Dog Training Services To avoid falling victim to predatory marketing, it’s SO important to do your research and choose a dog trainer who prioritizes ethical practices. Look for trainers who are certified by reputable organizations, such as the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC) or through Animal Behaviour Society . You can also seek out a board certified Veterinary Behaviourist here . These organizations uphold high standards of ethics and professionalism, ensuring that their members provide safe, effective, and humane training services. Additionally, seek out trainers who use positive reinforcement methods. These trainers focus on rewarding good behaviour rather than punishing bad behaviour, utilize management and prevention and reducing fear and anxiety. Don't forget to always rule out underlying pain and discomfort ! Buyer Beware! The dog training industry is at a crossroads, where the lure of quick fixes and predatory marketing must be challenged by a commitment to ethical practices and the promotion of humane training methods. E-collars and other aversive tools may be marketed as solutions, but the potential harm they can cause to both dogs and their owners cannot be ignored. It is crucial for pet guardians to be aware of these tactics and to choose training methods that prioritize the well-being of their family members.

I was chatting with my colleague Jenny at DogMinded yesterday and her recent post that demonstrates a bit of a divide in the “dog training” industry. There are many of us in the field that are shifting away from traditional approaches of dog training. We certainly know how to teach dogs a variety of skills, but that’s not our focus. We know that emotional and physical health is the foundation on which “good behaviour” sits upon. After years of seeing clients with dogs that have behaviour challenges, we realize that often the dogs are facing multi-faceted symptoms ranging from trauma and poor socialization, needs that are going unmet and physical pain and discomfort. The challenge is to shift the clients desire from “I want my dog to stop jumping up” to “I am curious about my dog’s experience in this world and am I meeting her needs?” I’m not saying that teaching our dogs skills should go out the window. But in my work, that is secondary.  There are trainers who cater to just that. Skills, sports, competing. There is a place for that and that niche is great. I think it’s important to realize where that fits into your dog’s life and that it isn’t their entire experience.  But, let’s not think that both sides of the spectrum can replace one or the other. And let’s not try to denigrate the area we choose to focus on within the dog world.  Where Does Obedience/Traditional Training Fit Into The Spectrum? Teaching dogs basic skills to navigate the world is crucial for our dog's safety, well-being, and overall quality of life. Basic training helps dogs understand how to interact appropriately with their environment and other animals, and can help reduce the risk of accidents and conflicts. I also think that it's important for us as trainers to teach the humans how to appropriately ask for these behaviours and reinforce them if they'd like them to continue. Let's face it, we live in a society where we want to live in harmony with our dogs. Not everyone wants a dog jumping on them and knocking them over or counter-surfing. There is a place for traditional training, as long as it's not using violence or harshness within that realm. Is One More Important Than The Other? This is going to come down to a matter of opinion. My opinion based on my experience is that obedience and skills are going to be secondary to overall mental and physical health. These skills that we teach our dogs are not going to be achievable or maintained if our dog is suffering from underlying issues. And, often times the very problem that a client comes to me with, even pulling on leash, is a result of an anxious dog. So, it's never as simple as just teaching our dogs to "STOP DOING X". We have a lot of dogs in our society that are riddled with a laundry list of issues, none of which are their fault and often times not the fault of their human. They started off with poor genetics, they were not socialized where they were born before going to their new homes, they may have experienced trauma or neglect... and then we try and fit them into a neat little box like an Amazon order. Focus on their HEALTH. Their mental health and their physical health. Their behaviour stabilizes once we address this. Get in touch if you are struggling with your dog's behaviour.

Many dogs have experienced trauma that profoundly impacts their behavior and health. It's crucial to understand the full extent of this impact to provide better care and support for our canine companions. The Influence of Parental Trauma When we decide to bring a dog home, we seldom consider whether their parents experienced abuse or neglect. However, these experiences directly influence the genetics of their offspring. Studies have shown that trauma and stress in parent animals can alter gene expression and behavior in their progeny through a process known as epigenetics. This means that the fear, anxiety, and reactivity seen in some dogs can be inherited due to the environmental stressors faced by their parents . The Critical Socialization Period The environment in which a dog is raised during the critical socialization period (before 14 weeks) is pivotal. If a puppy is not purposefully socialized positively to a variety of people, places, and things, the results can be disastrous. This lack of proper socialization can be considered a form of neglect. Research has demonstrated that puppies deprived of adequate socialization are more likely to develop behavioral issues such as fearfulness and aggression . The Impact of Starvation Starvation during early development significantly impacts brain development and the gut microbiome, which in turn influences behavior. Although direct studies on dogs are limited, research on other animals, such as rats, has shown that malnutrition can lead to lasting behavioral changes. For instance, starvation can impair cognitive function and increase anxiety and stress responses . Traumatic Events Traumatic events can have a permanent and negative impact on a dog's brain. Trauma can lead to changes in brain structure and function, resulting in long-lasting behavioral challenges. What constitutes a traumatic event varies from dog to dog, and these memories can persist, contributing to ongoing fear and anxiety. Studies in animals and humans have shown that trauma can lead to hyperarousal, avoidance behaviors, and difficulties in coping with stress . Path to Recovery Dogs who have experienced abuse, neglect, and trauma often face a long road to recovery, both physically and emotionally. It is essential to involve veterinary professionals and veterinary behaviorists in these cases to address the complex needs of these animals. A holistic approach that includes medical treatment, behavioral therapy, and a supportive environment can help these dogs heal and improve their quality of life . In conclusion, understanding the profound impact of trauma, abuse, and neglect on dogs is crucial for their well-being. By recognizing the signs and seeking appropriate professional help, we can support these animals in their journey towards recovery and provide them with the compassionate care they deserve. References 1. Weaver, I. C. G., et al. (2004). "Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior." Nature Neuroscience. 2. Champagne, F. A., et al. (2006). "Maternal care associated with gene expression and epigenetic changes in the developing brain." The Journal of Neuroscience. 3. Scott, J. P., and Fuller, J. L. (1965). "Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog." 4. Levay, E. A., et al. (2008). "Malnutrition and the developing brain: Neurodevelopmental consequences of undernutrition." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 5. Bremner, J. D. (2006). "Traumatic stress: Effects on the brain." Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 6. McEwen, B. S. (2007). "Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: Central role of the brain." Physiological Reviews. 7. Overall, K. L. (2013). "Manual of Clinical Behavioral Medicine for Dogs and Cats." Elsevier.

Do you love to go camping? Have you taken your dog on a camping trip only to find that they are barking and reactive to everything? Well, this is a common challenge and today I'm sharing with you the WHY'S. Unpredictable Routines Dogs really appreciate and respond well to a predictable routine. Why? Because they are constantly trying to connect the dots so they can navigate through our world. Without routine, they are often anxious, not knowing what to expect next. When we go camping, the routine often changes. They don't know what may happen next. And while the humans have planned "fun" outings and we would think it would be an exciting treat from the norm, we can see dogs become anxious and therefore susceptible to reactivity like barking or difficulty settling. Sleep Patterns Our sleep patterns change when we are away from home. Many times we are getting less sleep or our sleep is interrupted. Our dogs are not getting the same amount of sleep as they normally would as they are prone to being more alert in an unfamiliar environment. When our dog's sleep patterns change, they can become irritable and you may find them more barky or mouthy. Think over tired toddler. Unfamiliar Environments The great outdoors can be such a great change of pace. Remember, the outdoor and sleeping in a tent or trailer (unless you have worked on it plenty ahead of time) can be difficult for many dogs. They don't understand why they aren't at home in the comforts of their bed. It can take a lot of repetition for our dogs to get used to and feel comfortable sleeping in a new environment. Even the trip alone can be full of excitement and stress which means your dog may be reacting to things they normally wouldn't! Wildlife Smells & Sounds Our dog's have such a keen sense of smell, 10,000 to 100,000 times more acute than a human's . So, can they smell that raccoon or bear a few blocks away? Dogs hear nearly twice as many frequencies as humans. They can also hear sounds four times further away — so what human ears can hear from 20 feet away; our dogs can hear from 80 feet away! Hearing and smelling wildlife in addition to your dog already on edge in a new environment and we have the perfect recipe for barking and reactive behaviours. Alcohol & Recreational Fun Our dogs are sensitive to change. And very sensitive to human behaviour change. That means when under the influence, our dogs can become anxious or act differently around people consuming alcohol or recreational dr*gs. Human behaviour becomes erratic and unpredictable which is a HUGE trigger for many dogs and can result in bites. What You Can Do Practice back yard or living room camping. Set up your tent and work on hanging out with your gear to get your dog used to it Bring some familiar things from home like your dog's bed Bring your training pouch and treats! Make sure you're prepared to help your dog and work on some training Bring mental enrichment to keep your dog occupied like chews and frozen treats Do a full walk of the site several times a day so your dog can smell and see the environment; it can help them relax Try to keep routines similar if you can for feeding, walk time, naps and bed time Bring a white noise machine! This can be a game changer! What To Avoid Leaving your dog tethered by themself; if you are using a long line to secure your dog you should be with them at all times otherwise you risk another dog off leash approaching them and this can result in a reaction or fight. Or, a human could spook them. Friends and family; if they are visiting with their dog and we remember all of the reasons why dogs can be more reactive during these trips, be aware that arguments are more likely to happen in these environments. Resource guarding can rear it's head so keeping chews, toys and food away from the dogs can prevent this from happening. Go for a walk immediately after guests arrive with their dog away from your campsite to prevent possible defensive behaviour as dogs can protect spaces when under stress. Over-doing it with partying Getting angry; it doesn't help. Your dog is struggling. Focus on what you can do now to help them and whether you need a better plan to prepare them in the future Don't force it; some dogs are not suitable for camping! And that is perfectly ok! I hope some of this information helps you and your dog if you're planning to go camping or have had struggles in the past!

Lately I have been really interested in the information being shared about gut health and how this affects behavior. So, I thought I would share some information with you that you may find helpful. Reactive behavior in dogs can be challenging to manage, and it often stems from underlying factors such as anxiety, fear, or a heightened stress response. While various approaches, such as behavior modification and training, are commonly employed, an emerging area of research suggests that gut health plays a significant role in a dog's behavior and overall well-being. In this article, I explore the connection between gut health and reactive dogs, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy gut microbiome for promoting better behavioral outcomes.   Understanding the Gut-Brain Axis: The gut-brain axis refers to the bidirectional communication network between the gastrointestinal system (the gut) and the central nervous system (the brain). This complex interaction involves neural, endocrine, and immune signaling pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that disruptions in the gut microbiome, the community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, can influence brain function and behavior.   The Gut Microbiome and Reactive Behavior Inflammation and Stress Response: Imbalances in the gut microbiome can lead to chronic low-grade inflammation, affecting the body's stress response system. This can contribute to an increased state of anxiety and reactivity in dogs. Research indicates that inflammation in the gut can impact the production and regulation of neurotransmitters and hormones involved in emotional regulation, potentially exacerbating reactive behaviors. Neurotransmitter Production: The gut microbiome influences the production and availability of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and GABA, which play essential roles in mood regulation. Imbalances in these neurotransmitters can contribute to heightened anxiety and reactive responses. A healthy gut microbiome is crucial for maintaining optimal neurotransmitter levels and promoting a calmer emotional state in dogs. Immune System Function: The gut microbiome plays a vital role in regulating the immune system. Disruptions in the gut microbiome can lead to immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to stress-related conditions. An imbalanced immune response may contribute to the development or exacerbation of reactive behaviors in dogs. Promoting Gut Health in Reactive Dogs Diet: Provide a balanced and high-quality diet that supports gut health. Consider incorporating probiotics or prebiotics, which can help maintain a healthy gut microbiome. Consult with a veterinarian to determine the best dietary options for your dog's specific needs. Minimize Stress: Minimizing stressors in a dog's environment is crucial for maintaining a healthy gut. Create a calm and predictable routine, provide ample opportunities for exercise and mental stimulation, and ensure a comfortable and safe living environment. Probiotic Supplements: Consult with a veterinarian about incorporating probiotic supplements that are specifically formulated for dogs. Probiotics can help restore and maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria, supporting overall gut health and potentially reducing reactive behaviors. Consider Food Sensitivities:  Some reactive behaviors in dogs may be linked to food sensitivities or allergies. Work with a veterinarian to identify and address any potential dietary triggers that could be impacting your dog's gut health and behavior. Seek Professional Guidance: I f your dog's reactive behavior persists or worsens, consult with a professional dog trainer or a veterinary behaviorist. They can provide personalized guidance and develop a comprehensive behavior modification plan that takes into account the potential role of gut health in your dog's behavior. Understanding the connection between gut health and reactive behavior in dogs sheds light on new avenues for managing and improving their overall well-being. By prioritizing a healthy gut microbiome through proper diet, stress reduction, and potentially incorporating probiotics, we can support the gut-brain axis and hopefully promote improved behavior in reactive dogs. Remember, ALWAYS consult with a veterinarian or qualified professional to develop an approach tailored to your dog's specific needs.